The Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO focuses on the following question:   How does water sculpt a landscape on shale bedrock?  To answer this question requires us to solve many important issues in hydrology, geomorphology, ecology, soil science, geophysics and geochemistry.  For example, we are monitoring water and solute fluxes to identify what controls the hydrologic and elemental budgets of the catchment.  By identifying and studying the primary flow pathways for energy, water, and solutes, we are determining the rates and mechanisms of important hydrological, ecological, and geochemical processes.  Our research promotes understanding of how the forested catchment evolves over multiple timescales ranging from the meteorological to the geological.