.(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address), 208-282-3285
Reynolds Associate Professor, Idaho State University
ISU - Idaho State University
Lohse's ISU page
Affiliated Faculty
CERE - Center for Ecological Research and Education
PhD, Soil Science, University of California, Berkeley, 2002
BS, Biology, Cornell University, 1993
BA, Urban and Regional Studies, Cornell University, 1993
I am an ecosystem scientist who works at the interface of ecology, earth system science, and hydrology studying the processes shaping ecosystems and their responses to anthropogenic changes. From this foundation, I tackle the challenges and complexities of sustainability and global change science. My primary research interests include 1) understanding the hydrologic and biogeochemical processes shaping watershed ecosystems, 2) studying the ways in which land use and other human-caused changes are altering these processes in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and across these traditional disciplinary boundaries, and 3) integrating social processes and other human dimensions into watershed and ecosystem management.
Phone/Address
208-282-32852020
Winter CO2 efflux from sagebrush shrublands distributed across the rain‐to‐snow transition zone. Fellows, A.W., Flerchinger, G.N., Seyfried, G.N., Biederman, J.A.. and K.A. Lohse (2020): JGR Biogeosciences
2020
Soil Signals Tell of Landscape Disturbances. Lohse, K.A., Billings, S.A., DiBiase, R.A., Kumar, P., Berhe, A.A., and Kaye, J. (2020): Eos
2019
Ecological and genomic attributes of novel bacterial taxa that thrive in subsurface soil horizons. Brewer, Tess E., Emma L. Aronson, Keshav Arogyaswamy, Sharon A. Billings, Jon K. Botthoff, Ashley N. Campbell, Nicholas C. Dove, Dawson Fairbanks, Rachel E. Gallery, Stephen C. Hart, Jason Kaye, Gary King, Geoffrey Logan, Kathleen A. Lohse, Mia R. Maltz, Emilio Mayorga, Caitlin O’Neill, Sarah M. Owens, Aaron Packman, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Alain F. Plante, Daniel D. Richter, Whendee L. Silver, Wendy H. Yang, Noah Fierer (2019): mBio Oct 2019, 10 (5) e01318-19 Cross-CZO National
2019
Controls on gross production in an aspen-sagebrush vegetation mosaic. Fellows, A., Flerchinger, G., Seyfried, M., Lohse, K.A., Patton, N. R. (2019): Ecohydrology 12:e2046
2019
Water and carbon fluxes along an elevational gradient in a sagebrush ecosystem. Flerchinger, G.N., Fellows, A.W., Seyfried, M.S., Clark, P.E., and K.A. Lohse (2019): Ecosystems
2019
Vegetation and precipitation shifts interact to alter organic and inorganic carbon storage in desert soils. Huber, D.P., Lohse, K.A., Commendador, A., Joy, S., Finney, B., Aho, K., and M. Germino (2019): Ecosphere 10( 3):e02655
2019
Topographic controls on soil organic carbon on soil-mantled landscapes. Patton, N.P., Lohse, K.A., Seyfried, M., S. Godsey, and S. Parsons (2019): Scientific Reports 9: 6390
2019
Lithology and coarse fraction adjusted bulk density estimates for determining total organic carbon stocks in dryland soils. Patton, N.R., Lohse, K.A., Seyfried, M.S., Will, R., and S. Benner (2019): Geoderma 337: 844-852
2019
Modeling phenological controls on carbon dynamics in dryland sagebrush ecosystems. Renwick, K., Fellows, A., Flerchinger, G., Lohse, K., Clark, P.E., Smith W.K., Emmett, K., and B. Poulter (2019): Agricultural and Forest Meterology Volume 274: 15, 85-94
2019
Summer-time carbon and water fluxes in sagebrush ecosystems spanning rain-to-snow dominated precipitation regimes. Sharma, H., Reinhardt, K., Lohse, K.A., and K. Aho (2019): Rangeland Ecology and Management
2019
Interaction of wind and cold‐season hydrologic processes on erosion from complex topography following wildfire in sagebrush steppe. Vega, S.P., Williams, C.J., Brooks, E.S., Pierson, F.B., Strand, E.K., Robichaud, P.R., Brown, R.E., Seyfried, M.S., Lohse, K.A., Glossner, K., Pierce, J.L., C. Roehner (2019): Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
2018
Rapid recovery of mesic mountain big sagebrush gross production and respiration following prescribed fire. Fellows, A., Flerchinger, G., Seyfried, M.S., and Lohse, K.A (2018): Ecosystems
2018
Geomorphic influences on the distribution and accumulation of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) following a low severity wildfire in northern New Mexico. Galanter, A., Cadol, D., and K.A. Lohse (2018): Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 43: 2207–2218 Cross-CZO National
2018
Data paper: 31 Years of Spatially Distributed Air Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation Amount and Precipitation Phase From Reynolds Critical Zone Observatory. Kormos, P. R., Marks, D. G., Seyfried, M. S., Havens, S. C., Hedrick, A., Lohse, K. A., Sandusky, M., Kahl, A. and Garen, D. (2018): ESSD. 10, 1197-1205
2018 (In Review)
Critical zone science informs landscape management through quantification of slow and often elusive (episodic) constraints on ecosystem services. Lohse, K.A., Commendador, A., Stalder, S., Glossner, K., Macek, C., and R. MacNeille (2018): Earth's Future Cross-CZO National
2018
Predicting soil thickness on soil mantled hillslopes. Patton, N.P., Lohse, K.A., S.E. Godsey, Crosby, B.T., and Seyfried, M. (2018): Nature Communications 9: 3329
2018
A net ecosystem carbon budget for snow dominated forested headwater catchments: linking water and carbon fluxes to critical zone carbon storage. Perdrial J., Brooks P.D., Swetnam T., Lohse K.A., Rasmussen C., Litvak M., Harpold A.A., Zapata-Rios X., Broxton P., Mitra B., Meixner M., Condon K., Huckle D., Stielstra C., Vázquez-Ortega A., Lybrand R., Holleran M., Orem C., Pelletier J., Chorover J. (2018): Biogeochemistry 138{3): 225–243 Cross-CZO
2018
Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks. Richter, D.D., S.A. Billings, P.M. Groffman, E.F. Kelly, K.A. Lohse, W.H. McDowell, T.S. White, S. Anderson, D.D. Baldocchi, S. Banwart, S. Brantley, J.J. Braun, Z.S. Brecheisen, C.W. Cook, H.E. Hartnett, S.E. Hobbie, J. Gaillardet, E. Jobbagy, H.F. Jungkunst, C.E. Kazanski, J. Krishnaswamy, D. Markewitz, K. O’Neill, C.S. Riebe, P. Schroeder, C. Siebe, W.L. Silver, A. Thompson, A. Verhoef, G. Zhang (2018): Biogeosciences 15: 4815-4832 Cross-CZO National
2018 (In Review)
Relative Abundance of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Biological Soil Crusts in Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystems of the Intermountain West US. Schwabedissen, S.G., Sheridan, P.P, Aho, K.A., Magnuson, K.A. (2018): FEMS Microbial Ecology
2018
Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory. Seyfried, M. S., Lohse, K. A., Marks, D., Flerchinger, G. N., Pierson, F., Holbrook, S. (2018): Vadoze Zone Journal 17:180129
2017
Variation in Biological Soil Crust Bacterial Abundance and Diversity as a Function of Climate in Cold Steppe Ecosystems in the Intermountain West, USA. Blay, E.S., Schwabedissen, S.G., Magnuson, T.S., Aho, K., Sheridan, P.P., and K.A. Lohse (2017): Microbial Ecology 74 (3): 691–700
2017
Designing a network of critical zone observatories to explore the living skin of the terrestrial Earth. Brantley, S.L., McDowell, W.H., Dietrich, W.E., White, T.S., Kumar, P., Anderson, S., Chorover, J., Lohse, K.A., Bales, R.C., Richter, D., Grant, G., and Gaillardet, J. (2017): Earth Surface Dynamics, 5, 841–860 Cross-CZO National
2017
Regional sensitivities of seasonal snowpack to elevation, aspect, and vegetation cover in western North America. Christopher J. Tennant, Adrian A. Harpold, Kathleen Ann Lohse, Sarah E. Godsey, Benjamin T. Crosby, Laurel G. Larsen, Paul D. Brooks, Robert W. Van Kirk, Nancy F. Glenn (2017): Water Resources Research 53 Cross-CZO National
2017
Nitrogenase Activity by Biological Soil Crusts in Cold Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystems. Schwabedissen, S.G., Lohse, K.A., Reed, S.C., Aho, K.A., T.S. Magnuson (2017): Biogeochemistry 134 (1–2): 57–76
2017
On the rocks: quantifying storage of inorganic soil carbon on gravels and determining pedon-scale variability. Stanbery, C.J., Pierce, J.L., Benner, S.G., and K. Lohse (2017): Catena 157: 436-442
2017
Riparian Vegetation of Ephermeral Streams. Stromberg, J., Setaroa, D., Gallo, E., Lohse, K., and T. Meixner (2017): Journal of Arid Environments
2016
Controls on ecohydrologic properties in desert ecosystems: Differences in soil age and volcanic morphology. Beal, L., Huber, D., Godsey, S., Kobs-Nawotniak, S., and K. Lohse (2016): Geoderma
2016
Saprolite genesis in complex terrain: hydrologic, lithologic, biologic, and microclimatic controls on aspect asymmetry within the critical zone. Klos, P.Z., Link, T., Seyfried, M., Patton, N., Lohse, K., Holbrook, W.S., Heinse, R., Durrett, W., E. Leonard (2016): Geomorphology
2015 (In Review)
Variable Groundwater Contributions Influence Nutrient Cycling in Montane Headwater Catchments. Harpold, A., Brooks, P., Perdrial, J., Lohse, K., McIntosh, J., Meixner, T., Zapata-Rios, X., Vazquez-Ortega, A., and J. Chorover (2015): Water Resources Research
2015
Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory Annual Report 2015. Lohse, K. (2015): Reynolds Creek CZO, University of Idaho
2015
Climate and landscape as drivers of carbon storage in forested headwater catchments: Insights from a complete C budget. Perdrial, J., Brooks, P., Swetnam, T., Lohse, K., Rasmussen, C., Litvak, M., Harpold, A., Zapata-Rios, X., Broxton, P., Mitra, B., Meixner, T., Condon, K., Huckle, D., Stielstra, C., Vazquez-Ortega, A., Lybrand, R., Holleran, M., Orem, C., Pelletier, J., and J. Chorover (2015): Global Change Biology
2015
Climatic and landscape influences on soil moisture are primary determinants of soil carbon fluxes in seasonally snow-covered forest ecosystems. Stielstra C.M., Lohse K.A., Chorover J., McIntosh J.C., Barron-Gafford G.A., Perdrial J.N., Litvak M., Barnard H.R., Brooks P.D. (2015): Biogeochemistry 123(3): 447–465 Cross-CZO
2015
Chapter 2 – The Role of Critical Zone Observatories in Critical Zone Science. White T., Brantley S., Banwart S., Chorover J., Dietrich W., Derry L., Lohse K., Anderson S., Aufdendkampe A., Bales R., Kumar P., Richter D., McDowell B. (2015): Developments in Earth Surface Processes 19: 15–78 Cross-CZO National
2014
Spatial patterns of vegetation, soils and microtopography from terrestrial laser scanning on two semi-arid hillslopes of contrasting lithology. Harman C.J., Lohse K.A., Troch P.A., Sivapalan M. (2014): Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 119(2): 163-180 Cross-CZO
2014
Structure and processes controlling resource islands and microtopography on semi-arid hillslopes. Harman, C., Lohse, K.A., Troch, P., and M. Sivapalan (2014): Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences Cross-CZO
2014
Bacterial composition of soils in ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests exposed to different wildfire burn severity. Weber C.F., Lockhart J.S., Charaska E., Aho K., Lohse K.A. (2014): Soil Biology and Biochemistry 69: 242-250 Cross-CZO
2013
Coevolution of nonlinear trends in vegetation, soils, and topography with elevation and slope aspect: A case study in the sky islands of southern Arizona. Pelletier J.D., Barron-Gafford G.A., Breshears D.D., Brooks P.D., Chorover J., Durcik M., Harman C.J., Huxman T.E., Lohse K.A., Lybrand R., Meixner T., McIntosh J.C., Papuga S.A., Rasmussen C., Schaap M., Swetnam T.L., and Troch P.A. (2013): Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 118(2): 741-758
2011
How Water, Carbon, and Energy Drive Critical Zone Evolution: The Jemez-Santa Catalina Critical Zone Observatory . Chorover J., Troch P.A., Rasmussen C., Brooks P., Pelletier J., Breshears D.D., Huxman T., Lohse K., McIntosh J., Meixner T., Papuga S., Schaap M., Litvak M., Perdrial J. Harpold A., and Durcik M. (2011): Vadose Zone Journal 10(3): 884-899
2009
Interactions between biogeochemistry and hydrologic systems. Lohse K.A., Brooks P.D., McIntosh J.C., Meixner T., and Huxman T.E. (2009): Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34: 65-96
Papers and books that explicitly acknowledge a CZO grant are highlighted in PALE ORANGE.
2018
Data paper: 31 Years of Spatially Distributed Air Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation Amount and Precipitation Phase From Reynolds Critical Zone Observatory. Kormos, P. R., Marks, D. G., Seyfried, M. S., Havens, S. C., Hedrick, A., Lohse, K. A., Sandusky, M., Kahl, A. and Garen, D. (2018): ESSD. 10, 1197-1205
2018
Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory Annual Report 2018. Lohse, K.A., Benner. S., Flores, A., Glenn, N.F., Seyfried, M.S. (2018): Reynolds Creek CZO, University of Idaho
2018
Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory. Seyfried, M. S., Lohse, K. A., Marks, D., Flerchinger, G. N., Pierson, F., Holbrook, S. (2018): Vadoze Zone Journal 17:180129
2017
Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory Annual Report 2017. Lohse, K. (2017): Reynolds Creek CZO, University of Idaho
2016
Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory Annual Report 2016. Lohse, K. (2016): Reynolds Creek CZO, University of Idaho
2016
Coupling biogeochemistry and hydrology to understand and predict ecosystem to watershed responses to anthropogenic changes. Lohse, K.A. (2016): Invited Talk, ETH Zurich
2016
Variation in plant water use and environmental drivers of sap flow in sagebrush communities spanning rain-to-snow dominated elevation zones. Sharma, H., Reinhardt, K., and K.A. Lohse (2016): Ecological Society of America
2015
Soil Age and Geomorphology: Influence on Hydraulic Properties in Cold Desert Ecosystems. Beal, L., Huber, D., Godsey, S., Kobs-Nawotniak, S., and K. Lohse (2015): Centennial Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Baltimore, MA
2015
Variation in Biological Soil Crust Bacterial Diversity with a Changing Climate. Blay, E., Schwabedissen, S., Reed, S., Sheridan, P., Magnuson, T., and K. Lohse (2015): Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Conference, Boise, ID.
2015
Climate Change in Changing Landscapes: Controls on Soil Moisture and Nutrient Cycling. Huber, D., Lohse, K., and M. Germino (2015): Centennial Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Baltimore, MA
2015
Common Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) Infrastructure and Measurements. J. Chorover, S. Anderson, A. K. Aufdenkampe, R. C. Bales, S. L. Brantley, W. Dietrich, P. Kumar, K. A. Lohse, W. McDowell, D. Richter, T. White (2015): A Guide Prepared By CZO PIs, May 05, 2015 Cross-CZO National
2015
Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory Annual Report 2015. Lohse, K. (2015): Reynolds Creek CZO, University of Idaho
2015
Managing the critical zone to obtain and sustain multiple benefits from working landscapes: The value of partnerships between LTAR and NSF CZO networks H51Q-07. Lohse, K.A., Seyfried, M., and F. Pierson (2015): American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA
2015
Determining Total Soil Carbon Storage in the Critical Zone Using Topography and Lithology. Patton, N., Lohse, K., Seyfried, M., Crosby, B., and S. Godsey (2015): American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA
2015
Long-Term Research at Reynolds Creek, Idaho: Lessons Learned. Seyfried, M.S., and K.A. Lohse (2015): Soil Science Society of America, Mineapolis, MN
2015
Diurnal and seasonal variation in sap flow in sagebrush communities spanning rain-to-snow dominated elevation zones. Sharma, H., Reinhardt, K., and K.A. Lohse (2015): Annual Meeting of American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA
2015
Diurnal and seasonal variation in tree stem circumference using automated self-reporting dendrometer bands (TreeHuggers). Sharma, H., Reinhardt, K., Lohse, K., Seyfried, M., DeLucia, E., and T. Mies (2015): Annual Meeting of Ecological Society of America, Baltimore, MD
2015
LiDAR illuminates the influence of elevation, aspect, and vegetation on seasonal snowpack: case studies from four western Critical Zone Observatories. Tennant, C., Harpold, A., Crosby, B., Godsey, S., and K. Lohse (2015): American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA
2015
Mapping the organic carbon content of soils (SOC) in the Reynolds Creek Watershed. Will, R., Stanbery, C., Seyfried, M., Pierce, J., Lohse, K., Flores, A., Glenn, N., Spaete, L., Patton, N., Black, C., Good, A., and S. Benner (2015): Great Basin Conference, Boise, ID
2014
Common questions of the US NSF–supported Critical Zone Observatories. Dietrich, W.E. and Lohse, K. (2014): A Guide Prepared By CZO PIs Cross-CZO National
2014
Interactions of landscape position, stream flow, and litter quality on litter decomposition in intermittent to ephemeral streams in the American Southwest. Lohse K., Schwabedissen S., Gallo E., Meixner T. (2014): Abstract B22C-06 presented at 2014 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, CA, 15-19 Dec. Cross-CZO
2014
Controls of Parent Material and Topography on Soil Carbon Storage in the Critical Zone. Patton, N., Lohse, K., and M. Seyfried (2014): All Hands Critical Zone Observatory Network, Fish Camp, CA
2014
Controls of Parent Material and Topography on Soil Carbon Storage in the Critical Zone. Patton, N., Lohse, K., Seyfried, M., and T. Link (2014): Idaho State University Research Fair
2014
Biological Soil Crust Nitrogen Fixation in Semi-arid Ecosystems: Climatic and Grazing Controls. Swabedissen, S., Reed, S., Magnuson, T., and K. Lohse (2014): All Hands Meeting, Fish Camp, CA
2014
Mapping the organic carbon content of soils (SOC) in the Reynolds Creek Watershed. Will, R., Stanbery, C., Seyfried, M., Pierce, J., Lohse, K., Flores, A., Glenn, N., Spaete, L., Patton, N., Black, C., Good, A., and S. Benner (2014): All Hands Meeting, Fish Camp, CA
2013
Tradeoffs of modifications of storm water managements systems for nitrogen loss pathways in semi-arid ecosystems. Lohse K.A., Gallo E.L., Brooks P.D., Meixner T., McIntosh J.C. (2013): Abstract B31E-0442 presented at 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, CA, 9-13 Dec.
2013
Reynolds Creek Carbon Critical Zone Observatory. Lohse, KA, M Seyfried, A Flores, S Benner, N Glenn. (2013): NSF Proposal
2013
Insights on Biogeochemistry from the Triple Isotope System of Nitrate (Invited). Meixner T., Michalski G.M., Dejwahk N., Riha K.M., Lohse K.A., Gallo E.L., McIntosh J.C., Brooks P.D. (2013): Abstract H53I-01 presented at 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, CA, 9-13 Dec.
2013
Do fire disturbances account for missing C in snow dominated headwater catchments in NM?. Perdrial J.N., Brooks P.D., Swetnam T., Lohse K.A., Rasmussen C., Harpold A.A., Litvak M.E., Broxton P.D., Mitra B., Condon K., Huckle D.M., Vazquez A., Lybrand R.A., Holleran M., Orem C.A., Meixner T., Chorover J. (2013): Abstract B33E-0531 presented at 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, CA, 9-13 Dec. Cross-CZO
2012
Connections between transport in events and transport at landscape-structuring timescales (Invited). Harman C.J., Lohse K.A., Troch P.A., Sivapalan M. (2012): Abstract H52E-04 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 3-7 Dec (Talk).
2011
Temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in headwater snow-dominated catchments, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico . Dannemann, F.K., Zapata, X., McIntosh, J.C., Perdrial, J.N., Brooks, P.D. Chorover, J., Lohse, K.A., Fricke, H.C. (2011): AGU Fall Meeting Presentations (Poster) Abstract B33G-0557.
2011
Co-evolution of Vegetation, Sediment Transport and Infiltration on semi-arid hillslopes . Harman, C.J., Troch, P.A., Lohse, K.A., Sivapalan, M. (2011): AGU Fall Meeting Presentations (Poster) Abstract B33G-0555.
2011
Carbon, water and weathering limitations in the semi-arid critical zone. J. Chorover, P.A. Troch, J.D. Pelletier, C. Rasmussen, P.D. Brooks, J.C. McIntosh, D.D. Breshears, T.E. Huxman, S.A. Papuga, K.A. Lohse, T. Meixner, M.G. Schaap, M.E. Litvak, A.A. Harpold, J.N. Perdrial, M. Durcik (2011): AGU Fall Meeting Presentations Abstract B41H-05.
2011
Sources and Amounts of Nitrogen Deposited in Sky-Island Ecosystems. Zapata, X., McIntosh, J.C., Sorooshian, A., Lohse, K.A., Brooks, P.D., Troch, P.A., Chorover, J., Heidbuechel, I. (2011): AGU Fall Meeting Presentations (Poster) Abstract B13G-0652.
2010
Coevolution of topography, hydrology, soil development, and vegetation in sky islands of the southwestern United States. Pelletier, J.D., Rasmussen, C., Breshears, D.D., Brooks, P.D., Chorover, J., Huxman, T.E., Lohse, K.A., Meixner, T., McIntosh, J.C., Kurc, S.A., Schaap, M.G., Swetnam, T., Troch, P.A. (2010): AGU Fall Meeting Abstract EP42A-03.
Lohse is an alumni investigator of the Catalina-Jemez CZO.
28 Apr 2019 - The results of a 20-year “drylands” experiment at the Idaho National Laboratory by Idaho State University researchers and partners has...
28 Apr 2019 - Three Idaho State University faculty will be honored as Distinguished Faculty at ISU Commencement on May 4 in the Holt Arena. The recipients are...
28 Apr 2019 - There is two to three times as much carbon in the Earth’s soil than in its atmosphere, which has important implications with regard to the...
02 Mar 2018 - This manuscript, led by Dan Richter with six Calzones co-authors, was just submitted to Biogeosciences Discussions.
22 Aug 2016 - The Physiological Ecology Section is pleased to announce the 2016 merit award winners for their presentations at the ESA meeting in Ft. Lauderdale.
24 Jul 2016 - CZO Newsletter CZNews: Summer 2016
17 Jul 2015 - An Organized Session On Critical Zone Ecology At The 100th Annual Meeting Of The Ecological Society Of America August 9-14, 2015 In Baltimore, Md.
16 Jul 2015 - A session entitled 'Ecology in the Critical Zone" will take place at the Ecological Society of America (ESA) 2015 Meeting held from August...
03 Apr 2014 - Fifty K-12 students plus parents were engaged by the edible aquifer and learned about their source of drinking water and aquifer
03 Mar 2014 - New Reynolds Creek CZO leverages USDA ARS spatial and temporal hydroclimate data to improve prediction of soil carbon and critical zone processes
Improving prediction of soil carbon and fluxes at the plot to landscape scale
107 Forest Resources Building.