From agricultural practices to geophysical characterizations, four seniors in the Department of Geosciences at Penn State have completed their capstone projects to earn the Bachelor of Science degree.  Investigations included the influences of cultivation on soil geochemistry, the influence of groundwater overdraft on sustainability, and the characterization of subsurface structure using S-wave models and Electrical Resistivity Tomography.   These students have strengthened skill sets acquired in class through application to a project of personal interest.  Each received mentorship multiple semesters throughout their undergraduate studies and expressed thoughtful rationale along with interesting findings during the public presentations.  Congrats to Nathan, Maddy, Robby, and Terrance!

• Nathan Carpenter – The effect of cultivation on soil chemistry in the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory
• Maddy Nyblade – Interdisciplinary Modeling for Sustainability:  A Reflection on Hydrologic-Agricultural-Economic Modeling of Punjab, India
• Robby Miles – Using S-wave Models to Image the Subsurface at Shale Hills Observatory
• Terrance Delisser – Analysis of the Subsurface Structure of Swales in the Shale Hills Watershed Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography